The BibleGospel Companion

Pharaoh

פַּרְעֹה · par.oh · H6547K“that disperses; that spoils” Hitchcock's 186912 mentions in 3 books, most in 1 Kings (10)

Who he was

This Pharaoh was the Egyptian ruler during the reign of King Solomon (1Ki.3.1; 9.16). Solomon made an alliance with Pharaoh and married his daughter, who brought the city of Gezer as a dowry. Solomon built a separate palace for Pharaoh's daughter (1Ki.7.8; 9.24; 2 Chronicles 8:11) and included her among his many foreign wives (1 Kings 11:1).

The Bible also mentions that Hadad, an Edomite prince, fled to Egypt during David's reign and found favor with Pharaoh, who gave him land and provisions and arranged for him to marry the sister of Queen Tahpenes (1 Kings 11:18–20). Hadad's son Genubath was raised in Pharaoh's court (1 Kings 11:20).

The specific identity of this Pharaoh is not provided in the Bible. However, based on the historical and archaeological evidence, some scholars suggest that he may have been Siamun or Psusennes II, rulers of the 21st Dynasty of Egypt, which was contemporary with Solomon's reign.

Article: STEPBible, Tyndale House Cambridge · CC BY 4.0

Family

SpouseTahpenesChildrendaughter of Pharaoh
Family relations: STEPBible, Tyndale House Cambridge · CC BY 4.0

Every mention

12 references, counted from STEPBible, Tyndale House Cambridge · CC BY 4.0 · verse text: World English Bible (public domain)
1 KingsChapter 3: 1 mentionChapter 7: 1 mentionChapter 9: 2 mentionsChapter 11: 6 mentions10 mentions
1 Kings 3:1Solomon made a marriage alliance with Pharaoh king of Egypt. He took Pharaoh’s daughter and brought her into David’s city until he had finished building his own house, Yahweh’s house, and…1 Kings 7:8His house where he was to dwell, the other court within the porch, was of the same construction. He made also a house for Pharaoh’s daughter (whom Solomon had taken as wife), like this…1 Kings 9:16Pharaoh king of Egypt had gone up, taken Gezer, burned it with fire, killed the Canaanites who lived in the city, and given it for a wedding gift to his daughter, Solomon’s wife.1 Kings 9:24But Pharaoh’s daughter came up out of David’s city to her house which Solomon had built for her. Then he built Millo.1 Kings 11:1Now King Solomon loved many foreign women, together with the daughter of Pharaoh: women of the Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Sidonians, and Hittites,1 Kings 11:18They arose out of Midian and came to Paran; and they took men with them out of Paran, and they came to Egypt, to Pharaoh king of Egypt, who gave him a house, and appointed him food, and…1 Kings 11:19Hadad found great favor in the sight of Pharaoh, so that he gave him as wife the sister of his own wife, the sister of Tahpenes the queen.1 Kings 11:20The sister of Tahpenes bore him Genubath his son, whom Tahpenes weaned in Pharaoh’s house; and Genubath was in Pharaoh’s house among the sons of Pharaoh.1 Kings 11:21When Hadad heard in Egypt that David slept with his fathers, and that Joab the captain of the army was dead, Hadad said to Pharaoh, “Let me depart, that I may go to my own country.”1 Kings 11:22Then Pharaoh said to him, “But what have you lacked with me, that behold, you seek to go to your own country?” He answered, “Nothing, however only let me depart.”
2 ChroniclesChapter 8: 1 mention1 mention
2 Chronicles 8:11Solomon brought up Pharaoh’s daughter out of David’s city to the house that he had built for her; for he said, “My wife shall not dwell in the house of David king of Israel, because the…
Song of SolomonChapter 1: 1 mention1 mention
Song of Solomon 1:9I have compared you, my love, to a steed in Pharaoh’s chariots.

What the dictionary says

The official title borne by the Egyptian kings down to the time when that country was conquered by the Greeks.

Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)
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Sources