The BibleGospel Companion

Ephraim

אֶפְרַ֫יִם · eph.ra.yim · H0669Gעֶפְרוֹן · eph.ron · H6085I1 other spelling“fruitful; increasing” Hitchcock's 1869159 mentions in 18 books, most in Hosea (32)
Illustration — not a likeness; generated for Gospel Companion in the app's painting style — Ephraim
Illustration — not a likeness; generated for Gospel Companion in the app's painting style

Who he was

Ephraim was the second son of Joseph, born to him in Egypt by his wife Asenath (Genesis 41:52). He and his older brother Manasseh were adopted by Israel (or 'Jacob') and blessed, with Ephraim receiving the greater blessing (Gen.48). Ephraim's descendants formed one of the twelve tribes of Israel, and they were often grouped with the tribe of Manasseh under the collective name "Joseph" (Num.1.32,33; 26.28,35,37).

The tribe of Ephraim settled in the central region of Canaan (Jos.16.4,5,8,9,10) and played a significant role throughout Israel's history. They were known for their military prowess (Judges 5:14; Psalms 78:9) and produced several notable leaders, including Joshua (Numbers 13:8), Abdon (Judges 12:15), and Samuel (1 Samuel 1:1). However, they also exhibited pride and a rebellious spirit at times (Jdg.8.1,2; 12.1; 2 Samuel 20:21).

Ephraim, along with the other northern tribes, separated from Judah after Solomon's reign and formed the northern kingdom of Israel (1 Kings 12:25). The prophets often addressed Ephraim, warning them of judgment for their idolatry and unfaithfulness (Isa.7.2,5,8,9; Jer.31.18,20; Hosea 4:17; 5). However, there were also promises of restoration and blessing (Jer.31.6,9; Ezk.37.16,19).

In the New Testament, Ephraim is mentioned in the context of Jesus withdrawing to a village called Ephraim before his final entry into Jerusalem (Judges 12:6; 1 Chronicles 12:30; 27.20; 2 Chronicles 25:7; Psalms 78:9; 2 Chronicles 13:19; 1 Kings 11:26; 1 Samuel 1:1).

Article: STEPBible, Tyndale House Cambridge · CC BY 4.0

Family

FatherJosephMotherAsenathSiblingsManassehChildrenShuthelah, Becher, Tahan, Ezer, Elead, Beriah
Family relations: STEPBible, Tyndale House Cambridge · CC BY 4.0

Every mention

159 references, counted from STEPBible, Tyndale House Cambridge · CC BY 4.0 · verse text: World English Bible (public domain)
GenesisChapter 41: 1 mentionChapter 46: 1 mentionChapter 48: 6 mentionsChapter 50: 1 mention9 mentions
NumbersChapter 1: 3 mentionsChapter 2: 2 mentionsChapter 7: 1 mentionChapter 10: 1 mentionChapter 13: 1 mentionChapter 26: 3 mentionsChapter 34: 1 mention12 mentions
Numbers 1:10Of the children of Joseph: of Ephraim: Elishama the son of Ammihud; of Manasseh: Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur.Numbers 1:32Of the children of Joseph: of the children of Ephraim, their generations, by their families, by their fathers’ houses, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and…Numbers 1:33those who were counted of them, of the tribe of Ephraim, were forty thousand five hundred.Numbers 2:18“On the west side shall be the standard of the camp of Ephraim according to their divisions. The prince of the children of Ephraim shall be Elishama the son of Ammihud.Numbers 2:24“All who were counted of the camp of Ephraim were one hundred eight thousand one hundred, according to their divisions. They shall set out third.Numbers 7:48On the seventh day Elishama the son of Ammihud, prince of the children of Ephraim,Numbers 10:22The standard of the camp of the children of Ephraim set forward according to their armies. Elishama the son of Ammihud was over his army.Numbers 13:8Of the tribe of Ephraim, Hoshea the son of Nun.Numbers 26:28The sons of Joseph after their families: Manasseh and Ephraim.Numbers 26:35These are the sons of Ephraim after their families: of Shuthelah, the family of the Shuthelahites; of Becher, the family of the Becherites; of Tahan, the family of the Tahanites.Numbers 26:37These are the families of the sons of Ephraim according to those who were counted of them, thirty-two thousand five hundred. These are the sons of Joseph after their families.Numbers 34:24Of the tribe of the children of Ephraim a prince, Kemuel the son of Shiphtan.
DeuteronomyChapter 33: 1 mentionChapter 34: 1 mention2 mentions
JoshuaChapter 14: 1 mentionChapter 16: 5 mentionsChapter 17: 5 mentionsChapter 19: 1 mentionChapter 20: 1 mentionChapter 21: 3 mentionsChapter 24: 2 mentions18 mentions
Joshua 14:4For the children of Joseph were two tribes, Manasseh and Ephraim. They gave no portion to the Levites in the land, except cities to dwell in, with their pasture lands for their livestock…Joshua 16:4The children of Joseph, Manasseh and Ephraim, took their inheritance.Joshua 16:5This was the border of the children of Ephraim according to their families. The border of their inheritance eastward was Ataroth Addar, to Beth Horon the upper.Joshua 16:8From Tappuah the border went along westward to the brook of Kanah; and ended at the sea. This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Ephraim according to their families;Joshua 16:9together with the cities which were set apart for the children of Ephraim in the middle of the inheritance of the children of Manasseh, all the cities with their villages.Joshua 16:10They didn’t drive out the Canaanites who lived in Gezer; but the Canaanites dwell in the territory of Ephraim to this day, and have become servants to do forced labor.Joshua 17:8The land of Tappuah belonged to Manasseh; but Tappuah on the border of Manasseh belonged to the children of Ephraim.Joshua 17:9The border went down to the brook of Kanah, southward of the brook. These cities belonged to Ephraim among the cities of Manasseh. The border of Manasseh was on the north side of the…Joshua 17:10Southward it was Ephraim’s, and northward it was Manasseh’s, and the sea was his border. They reached to Asher on the north, and to Issachar on the east.Joshua 17:15Joshua said to them, “If you are a numerous people, go up to the forest, and clear land for yourself there in the land of the Perizzites and of the Rephaim, since the hill country of…Joshua 17:17Joshua spoke to the house of Joseph, that is, to Ephraim and to Manasseh, saying, “You are a numerous people, and have great power. You shall not have one lot only;Joshua 19:50According to Yahweh’s commandment, they gave him the city which he asked, even Timnathserah in the hill country of Ephraim; and he built the city, and lived there.Joshua 20:7They set apart Kedesh in Galilee in the hill country of Naphtali, Shechem in the hill country of Ephraim, and Kiriath Arba (also called Hebron) in the hill country of Judah.Joshua 21:5The rest of the children of Kohath had ten cities by lot out of the families of the tribe of Ephraim, out of the tribe of Dan, and out of the half-tribe of Manasseh.Joshua 21:20The families of the children of Kohath, the Levites, even the rest of the children of Kohath, had the cities of their lot out of the tribe of Ephraim.Joshua 21:21They gave them Shechem with its pasture lands in the hill country of Ephraim, the city of refuge for the man slayer, and Gezer with its pasture lands,Joshua 24:30They buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnathserah, which is in the hill country of Ephraim, on the north of the mountain of Gaash.Joshua 24:33Eleazar the son of Aaron died. They buried him in the hill of Phinehas his son, which was given him in the hill country of Ephraim.
JudgesChapter 1: 1 mentionChapter 2: 1 mentionChapter 3: 1 mentionChapter 4: 1 mentionChapter 5: 1 mentionChapter 7: 1 mentionChapter 8: 2 mentionsChapter 10: 2 mentionsChapter 12: 5 mentionsChapter 17: 2 mentionsChapter 18: 2 mentionsChapter 19: 3 mentions22 mentions
Judges 1:29Ephraim didn’t drive out the Canaanites who lived in Gezer, but the Canaanites lived in Gezer among them.Judges 2:9They buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnath Heres, in the hill country of Ephraim, on the north of the mountain of Gaash.Judges 3:27When he had come, he blew a trumpet in the hill country of Ephraim; and the children of Israel went down with him from the hill country, and he led them.Judges 4:5She lived under Deborah’s palm tree between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim; and the children of Israel came up to her for judgment.Judges 5:14Those whose root is in Amalek came out of Ephraim, after you, Benjamin, among your peoples. Governors come down out of Machir. Those who handle the marshal’s staff came out of Zebulun.Judges 7:24Gideon sent messengers throughout all the hill country of Ephraim, saying, “Come down against Midian and take the waters before them as far as Beth Barah, even the Jordan!” So all the men…Judges 8:1The men of Ephraim said to him, “Why have you treated us this way, that you didn’t call us when you went to fight with Midian?” They rebuked him sharply.Judges 8:2He said to them, “What have I now done in comparison with you? Isn’t the gleaning of the grapes of Ephraim better than the vintage of Abiezer?Judges 10:1After Abimelech, Tola the son of Puah, the son of Dodo, a man of Issachar, arose to save Israel. He lived in Shamir in the hill country of Ephraim.Judges 10:9The children of Ammon passed over the Jordan to fight also against Judah, and against Benjamin, and against the house of Ephraim, so that Israel was very distressed.Judges 12:1The men of Ephraim were gathered together, and passed northward; and they said to Jephthah, “Why did you pass over to fight against the children of Ammon, and didn’t call us to go with…Judges 12:4Then Jephthah gathered together all the men of Gilead, and fought with Ephraim. The men of Gilead struck Ephraim, because they said, “You are fugitives of Ephraim, you Gileadites, in the…Judges 12:5The Gileadites took the fords of the Jordan against the Ephraimites. Whenever a fugitive of Ephraim said, “Let me go over,” the men of Gilead said to him, “Are you an Ephraimite?” If he…Judges 12:6then they said to him, “Now say ‘Shibboleth;’” and he said “Sibboleth”; for he couldn’t manage to pronounce it correctly, then they seized him and killed him at the fords of the Jordan. At…Judges 12:15Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite died, and was buried in Pirathon in the land of Ephraim, in the hill country of the Amalekites.Judges 17:1There was a man of the hill country of Ephraim, whose name was Micah.Judges 17:8The man departed out of the city, out of Bethlehem Judah, to live where he could find a place, and he came to the hill country of Ephraim, to the house of Micah, as he traveled.Judges 18:2The children of Dan sent five men of their family from their whole number, men of valor, from Zorah and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land and to search it. They said to them, “Go, explore…Judges 18:13They passed from there to the hill country of Ephraim, and came to the house of Micah.Judges 19:1In those days, when there was no king in Israel, there was a certain Levite living on the farther side of the hill country of Ephraim, who took for himself a concubine out of Bethlehem…Judges 19:16Behold, an old man came from his work out of the field at evening. Now the man was from the hill country of Ephraim, and he lived in Gibeah; but the men of the place were Benjamites.Judges 19:18He said to him, “We are passing from Bethlehem Judah to the farther side of the hill country of Ephraim. I am from there, and I went to Bethlehem Judah. I am going to Yahweh’s house; and…
1 SamuelChapter 1: 1 mentionChapter 9: 1 mentionChapter 14: 1 mention3 mentions
2 SamuelChapter 2: 1 mentionChapter 20: 1 mention2 mentions
1 KingsChapter 4: 1 mentionChapter 11: 1 mentionChapter 12: 1 mention3 mentions
2 KingsChapter 5: 1 mention1 mention
1 ChroniclesChapter 6: 2 mentionsChapter 7: 2 mentionsChapter 9: 1 mentionChapter 12: 1 mentionChapter 27: 3 mentions9 mentions
2 ChroniclesChapter 13: 2 mentionsChapter 15: 2 mentionsChapter 17: 1 mentionChapter 19: 1 mentionChapter 25: 2 mentionsChapter 28: 2 mentionsChapter 30: 3 mentionsChapter 31: 1 mentionChapter 34: 2 mentions16 mentions
2 Chronicles 13:4Abijah stood up on Mount Zemaraim, which is in the hill country of Ephraim, and said, “Hear me, Jeroboam and all Israel:2 Chronicles 13:19Abijah pursued Jeroboam, and took cities from him: Bethel with its villages, Jeshanah with its villages, and Ephron with its villages.2 Chronicles 15:8When Asa heard these words and the prophecy of Oded the prophet, he took courage, and put away the abominations out of all the land of Judah and Benjamin, and out of the cities which he…2 Chronicles 15:9He gathered all Judah and Benjamin, and those who lived with them out of Ephraim, Manasseh, and Simeon; for they came to him out of Israel in abundance when they saw that Yahweh his God…2 Chronicles 17:2He placed forces in all the fortified cities of Judah, and set garrisons in the land of Judah and in the cities of Ephraim, which Asa his father had taken.2 Chronicles 19:4Jehoshaphat lived at Jerusalem; and he went out again among the people from Beersheba to the hill country of Ephraim, and brought them back to Yahweh, the God of their fathers.2 Chronicles 25:7A man of God came to him, saying, “O king, don’t let the army of Israel go with you, for Yahweh is not with Israel, with all the children of Ephraim.2 Chronicles 25:10Then Amaziah separated them, the army that had come to him out of Ephraim, to go home again. Therefore their anger was greatly kindled against Judah, and they returned home in fierce anger.2 Chronicles 28:7Zichri, a mighty man of Ephraim, killed Maaseiah the king’s son, Azrikam the ruler of the house, and Elkanah who was next to the king.2 Chronicles 28:12Then some of the heads of the children of Ephraim, Azariah the son of Johanan, Berechiah the son of Meshillemoth, Jehizkiah the son of Shallum, and Amasa the son of Hadlai, stood up…2 Chronicles 30:1Hezekiah sent to all Israel and Judah, and wrote letters also to Ephraim and Manasseh, that they should come to Yahweh’s house at Jerusalem, to keep the Passover to Yahweh, the God of…2 Chronicles 30:10So the couriers passed from city to city through the country of Ephraim and Manasseh, even to Zebulun, but people ridiculed them and mocked them.2 Chronicles 30:18For a multitude of the people, even many of Ephraim, Manasseh, Issachar, and Zebulun, had not cleansed themselves, yet they ate the Passover other than the way it is written. For Hezekiah…2 Chronicles 31:1Now when all this was finished, all Israel who were present went out to the cities of Judah and broke the pillars in pieces, cut down the Asherah poles, and broke down the high places and…2 Chronicles 34:6He did this in the cities of Manasseh, Ephraim, and Simeon, even to Naphtali, around in their ruins.2 Chronicles 34:9They came to Hilkiah the high priest and delivered the money that was brought into God’s house, which the Levites, the keepers of the threshold, had gathered from the hands of Manasseh…
PsalmsChapter 60: 1 mentionChapter 78: 2 mentionsChapter 80: 1 mentionChapter 108: 1 mention5 mentions
IsaiahChapter 7: 5 mentionsChapter 9: 2 mentionsChapter 11: 1 mentionChapter 17: 1 mentionChapter 28: 2 mentions11 mentions
Isaiah 7:2David’s house was told, “Syria is allied with Ephraim.” His heart trembled, and the heart of his people, as the trees of the forest tremble with the wind.Isaiah 7:5Because Syria, Ephraim, and the son of Remaliah, have plotted evil against you, saying,Isaiah 7:8For the head of Syria is Damascus, and the head of Damascus is Rezin. Within sixty-five years Ephraim shall be broken in pieces, so that it shall not be a people.Isaiah 7:9The head of Ephraim is Samaria, and the head of Samaria is Remaliah’s son. If you will not believe, surely you shall not be established.’”Isaiah 7:17Yahweh will bring on you, on your people, and on your father’s house days that have not come, from the day that Ephraim departed from Judah, even the king of Assyria.Isaiah 9:9All the people will know, including Ephraim and the inhabitants of Samaria, who say in pride and in arrogance of heart,Isaiah 9:21Manasseh eating Ephraim and Ephraim eating Manasseh, and they together will be against Judah. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still.Isaiah 11:13The envy also of Ephraim will depart, and those who persecute Judah will be cut off. Ephraim won’t envy Judah, and Judah won’t persecute Ephraim.Isaiah 17:3The fortress shall cease from Ephraim, and the kingdom from Damascus, and the remnant of Syria. They will be as the glory of the children of Israel,” says Yahweh of Armies.Isaiah 28:1Woe to the crown of pride of the drunkards of Ephraim, and to the fading flower of his glorious beauty, which is on the head of the fertile valley of those who are overcome with wine!Isaiah 28:3The crown of pride of the drunkards of Ephraim will be trodden under foot.
JeremiahChapter 7: 1 mentionChapter 31: 4 mentionsChapter 50: 1 mention6 mentions
EzekielChapter 37: 2 mentionsChapter 48: 2 mentions4 mentions
HoseaChapter 4: 1 mentionChapter 5: 7 mentionsChapter 6: 2 mentionsChapter 7: 3 mentionsChapter 8: 2 mentionsChapter 9: 5 mentionsChapter 10: 2 mentionsChapter 11: 4 mentionsChapter 12: 3 mentionsChapter 13: 2 mentionsChapter 14: 1 mention32 mentions
Hosea 4:17Ephraim is joined to idols. Leave him alone!Hosea 5:3I know Ephraim, and Israel is not hidden from me; for now, Ephraim, you have played the prostitute. Israel is defiled.Hosea 5:5The pride of Israel testifies to his face. Therefore Israel and Ephraim will stumble in their iniquity. Judah also will stumble with them.Hosea 5:9Ephraim will become a desolation in the day of rebuke. Among the tribes of Israel, I have made known that which will surely be.Hosea 5:11Ephraim is oppressed, he is crushed in judgment, because he is intent in his pursuit of idols.Hosea 5:12Therefore I am to Ephraim like a moth, and to the house of Judah like rottenness.Hosea 5:13“When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah his wound, then Ephraim went to Assyria, and sent to King Jareb: but he is not able to heal you, neither will he cure you of your wound.Hosea 5:14For I will be to Ephraim like a lion, and like a young lion to the house of Judah. I myself will tear in pieces and go away. I will carry off, and there will be no one to deliver.Hosea 6:4“Ephraim, what shall I do to you? Judah, what shall I do to you? For your love is like a morning cloud, and like the dew that disappears early.Hosea 6:10In the house of Israel I have seen a horrible thing. There is prostitution in Ephraim. Israel is defiled.Hosea 7:1When I would heal Israel, then the iniquity of Ephraim is uncovered, also the wickedness of Samaria; for they commit falsehood, and the thief enters in, and the gang of robbers ravages…Hosea 7:8Ephraim mixes himself among the nations. Ephraim is a pancake not turned over.Hosea 7:11“Ephraim is like an easily deceived dove, without understanding. They call to Egypt. They go to Assyria.Hosea 8:9For they have gone up to Assyria, like a wild donkey wandering alone. Ephraim has hired lovers for himself.Hosea 8:11Because Ephraim has multiplied altars for sinning, they became for him altars for sinning.Hosea 9:3They won’t dwell in Yahweh’s land; but Ephraim will return to Egypt, and they will eat unclean food in Assyria.Hosea 9:8A prophet watches over Ephraim with my God. A fowler’s snare is on all of his paths, and hostility in the house of his God.Hosea 9:11As for Ephraim, their glory will fly away like a bird. There will be no birth, no one with child, and no conception.Hosea 9:13I have seen Ephraim, like Tyre, planted in a pleasant place; but Ephraim will bring out his children to the murderer.Hosea 9:16Ephraim is struck. Their root has dried up. They will bear no fruit. Even though they give birth, yet I will kill the beloved ones of their womb.”Hosea 10:6It also will be carried to Assyria for a present to a great king. Ephraim will receive shame, and Israel will be ashamed of his own counsel.Hosea 10:11Ephraim is a trained heifer that loves to thresh, so I will put a yoke on her beautiful neck. I will set a rider on Ephraim. Judah will plow. Jacob will break his clods.Hosea 11:3Yet I taught Ephraim to walk. I took them by their arms, but they didn’t know that I healed them.Hosea 11:8“How can I give you up, Ephraim? How can I hand you over, Israel? How can I make you like Admah? How can I make you like Zeboiim? My heart is turned within me, my compassion is aroused.Hosea 11:9I will not execute the fierceness of my anger. I will not return to destroy Ephraim, for I am God, and not man—the Holy One among you. I will not come in wrath.Hosea 11:12Ephraim surrounds me with falsehood, and the house of Israel with deceit. Judah still strays from God, and is unfaithful to the Holy One.Hosea 12:1Ephraim feeds on wind, and chases the east wind. He continually multiplies lies and desolation. They make a covenant with Assyria, and oil is carried into Egypt.Hosea 12:8Ephraim said, “Surely I have become rich. I have found myself wealth. In all my wealth they won’t find in me any iniquity that is sin.”Hosea 12:14Ephraim has bitterly provoked anger. Therefore his blood will be left on him, and his Lord will repay his contempt.Hosea 13:1When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling. He exalted himself in Israel, but when he became guilty through Baal, he died.Hosea 13:12The guilt of Ephraim is stored up. His sin is stored up.Hosea 14:8Ephraim, what have I to do any more with idols? I answer, and will take care of him. I am like a green cypress tree; from me your fruit is found.”
ObadiahChapter 1: 1 mention1 mention
ZechariahChapter 9: 2 mentionsChapter 10: 1 mention3 mentions

What the dictionary says

Double fruitfulness (“for God had made him fruitful in the land of his affliction”).

Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)
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Sources