Pharaoh
פַּרְעֹה · par.oh · H6547JΦαραώ · Pharaō · G5328I“that disperses; that spoils” Hitchcock's 1869111 mentions in 7 books, most in Exodus (97)
Who he was
This Pharaoh was the Egyptian ruler during the time of the Exodus (Exodus 3-14). When Moses and Aaron approached Pharaoh, demanding that he let the Israelites go, Pharaoh refused and increased their labor. God then sent a series of ten plagues upon Egypt, each time giving Pharaoh the opportunity to release the Israelites. However, Pharaoh repeatedly hardened his heart and refused to let them go until the tenth and final plague, the death of the firstborn.
After the death of his own firstborn son, Pharaoh finally relented and allowed the Israelites to leave Egypt. However, he soon changed his mind and pursued them with his army. God parted the Red Sea for the Israelites to cross on dry land, but when the Egyptian army attempted to follow, the sea closed in on them, drowning Pharaoh and his forces (Exodus 14:28; Psalm Exo.136.15).
This Pharaoh is depicted as a stubborn and proud ruler who refused to acknowledge the power and authority of the God of Israel. His story serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and His ability to deliver His people from oppression (Romans 9:17). The Bible does not provide the specific name or historical identity of this Pharaoh, but some scholars suggest that he may have been Amenhotep II, Thutmose III, or Ramesses II, based on the historical and archaeological evidence.
Article: STEPBible, Tyndale House Cambridge · CC BY 4.0
Every mention
111 references, counted from STEPBible, Tyndale House Cambridge · CC BY 4.0 · verse text: World English Bible (public domain)
Exodus97 mentions
Exodus 3:10Come now therefore, and I will send you to Pharaoh, that you may bring my people, the children of Israel, out of Egypt.”Exodus 3:11Moses said to God, “Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh, and that I should bring the children of Israel out of Egypt?”Exodus 4:21Yahweh said to Moses, “When you go back into Egypt, see that you do before Pharaoh all the wonders which I have put in your hand, but I will harden his heart and he will not let the people…Exodus 4:22You shall tell Pharaoh, ‘Yahweh says, Israel is my son, my firstborn,Exodus 5:1Afterward Moses and Aaron came, and said to Pharaoh, “This is what Yahweh, the God of Israel, says, ‘Let my people go, that they may hold a feast to me in the wilderness.’”Exodus 5:2Pharaoh said, “Who is Yahweh, that I should listen to his voice to let Israel go? I don’t know Yahweh, and moreover I will not let Israel go.”Exodus 5:5Pharaoh said, “Behold, the people of the land are now many, and you make them rest from their burdens.”Exodus 5:6The same day Pharaoh commanded the taskmasters of the people and their officers, saying,Exodus 5:10The taskmasters of the people went out with their officers, and they spoke to the people, saying, “This is what Pharaoh says: ‘I will not give you straw.Exodus 5:14The officers of the children of Israel, whom Pharaoh’s taskmasters had set over them, were beaten, and were asked, “Why haven’t you fulfilled your quota both yesterday and today, in making…Exodus 5:15Then the officers of the children of Israel came and cried to Pharaoh, saying, “Why do you deal this way with your servants?Exodus 5:20They met Moses and Aaron, who stood along the way, as they came out from Pharaoh.Exodus 5:21They said to them, “May Yahweh look at you and judge, because you have made us a stench to be abhorred in the eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes of his servants, to put a sword in their hand…Exodus 5:23For since I came to Pharaoh to speak in your name, he has brought trouble on this people. You have not rescued your people at all!”Exodus 6:1Yahweh said to Moses, “Now you shall see what I will do to Pharaoh, for by a strong hand he shall let them go, and by a strong hand he shall drive them out of his land.”Exodus 6:11“Go in, speak to Pharaoh king of Egypt, that he let the children of Israel go out of his land.”Exodus 6:12Moses spoke before Yahweh, saying, “Behold, the children of Israel haven’t listened to me. How then shall Pharaoh listen to me, when I have uncircumcised lips?”Exodus 6:13Yahweh spoke to Moses and to Aaron, and gave them a command to the children of Israel, and to Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt.Exodus 6:27These are those who spoke to Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring out the children of Israel from Egypt. These are that Moses and Aaron.Exodus 6:29Yahweh said to Moses, “I am Yahweh. Tell Pharaoh king of Egypt all that I tell you.”Exodus 6:30Moses said before Yahweh, “Behold, I am of uncircumcised lips, and how shall Pharaoh listen to me?”Exodus 7:1Yahweh said to Moses, “Behold, I have made you as God to Pharaoh; and Aaron your brother shall be your prophet.Exodus 7:2You shall speak all that I command you; and Aaron your brother shall speak to Pharaoh, that he let the children of Israel go out of his land.Exodus 7:3I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.Exodus 7:4But Pharaoh will not listen to you, so I will lay my hand on Egypt, and bring out my armies, my people the children of Israel, out of the land of Egypt by great judgments.Exodus 7:7Moses was eighty years old, and Aaron eighty-three years old, when they spoke to Pharaoh.Exodus 7:9“When Pharaoh speaks to you, saying, ‘Perform a miracle!’ then you shall tell Aaron, ‘Take your rod, and cast it down before Pharaoh, and it will become a serpent.’”Exodus 7:10Moses and Aaron went in to Pharaoh, and they did so, as Yahweh had commanded. Aaron cast down his rod before Pharaoh and before his servants, and it became a serpent.Exodus 7:11Then Pharaoh also called for the wise men and the sorcerers. They also, the magicians of Egypt, did the same thing with their enchantments.Exodus 7:13Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he didn’t listen to them, as Yahweh had spoken.Exodus 7:14Yahweh said to Moses, “Pharaoh’s heart is stubborn. He refuses to let the people go.Exodus 7:15Go to Pharaoh in the morning. Behold, he is going out to the water. You shall stand by the river’s bank to meet him. You shall take the rod which was turned to a serpent in your hand.Exodus 7:20Moses and Aaron did so, as Yahweh commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and struck the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the…Exodus 7:22The magicians of Egypt did the same thing with their enchantments. So Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he didn’t listen to them, as Yahweh had spoken.Exodus 7:23Pharaoh turned and went into his house, and he didn’t even take this to heart.Exodus 8:1Yahweh spoke to Moses, “Go in to Pharaoh, and tell him, ‘This is what Yahweh says, “Let my people go, that they may serve me.Exodus 8:8Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron, and said, “Entreat Yahweh, that he take away the frogs from me and from my people; and I will let the people go, that they may sacrifice to Yahweh.”Exodus 8:9Moses said to Pharaoh, “I give you the honor of setting the time that I should pray for you, and for your servants, and for your people, that the frogs be destroyed from you and your…Exodus 8:12Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh, and Moses cried to Yahweh concerning the frogs which he had brought on Pharaoh.Exodus 8:15But when Pharaoh saw that there was a respite, he hardened his heart, and didn’t listen to them, as Yahweh had spoken.Exodus 8:19Then the magicians said to Pharaoh, “This is God’s finger;” but Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he didn’t listen to them, as Yahweh had spoken.Exodus 8:20Yahweh said to Moses, “Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh; behold, he comes out to the water; and tell him, ‘This is what Yahweh says, “Let my people go, that they may…Exodus 8:24Yahweh did so; and there came grievous swarms of flies into the house of Pharaoh, and into his servants’ houses. In all the land of Egypt the land was corrupted by reason of the swarms of…Exodus 8:25Pharaoh called for Moses and for Aaron, and said, “Go, sacrifice to your God in the land!”Exodus 8:28Pharaoh said, “I will let you go, that you may sacrifice to Yahweh your God in the wilderness, only you shall not go very far away. Pray for me.”Exodus 8:29Moses said, “Behold, I am going out from you. I will pray to Yahweh that the swarms of flies may depart from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people, tomorrow; only don’t let…Exodus 8:30Moses went out from Pharaoh, and prayed to Yahweh.Exodus 8:31Yahweh did according to the word of Moses, and he removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people. There remained not one.Exodus 8:32Pharaoh hardened his heart this time also, and he didn’t let the people go.Exodus 9:1Then Yahweh said to Moses, “Go in to Pharaoh, and tell him, ‘This is what Yahweh, the God of the Hebrews, says: “Let my people go, that they may serve me.Exodus 9:7Pharaoh sent, and, behold, there was not so much as one of the livestock of the Israelites dead. But the heart of Pharaoh was stubborn, and he didn’t let the people go.Exodus 9:8Yahweh said to Moses and to Aaron, “Take handfuls of ashes of the furnace, and let Moses sprinkle it toward the sky in the sight of Pharaoh.Exodus 9:10They took ashes of the furnace, and stood before Pharaoh; and Moses sprinkled it up toward the sky; and it became boils and blisters breaking out on man and on animal.Exodus 9:12Yahweh hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he didn’t listen to them, as Yahweh had spoken to Moses.Exodus 9:13Yahweh said to Moses, “Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh, and tell him, ‘This is what Yahweh, the God of the Hebrews, says: “Let my people go, that they may serve me.Exodus 9:20Those who feared Yahweh’s word among the servants of Pharaoh made their servants and their livestock flee into the houses.Exodus 9:27Pharaoh sent and called for Moses and Aaron, and said to them, “I have sinned this time. Yahweh is righteous, and I and my people are wicked.Exodus 9:33Moses went out of the city from Pharaoh, and spread out his hands to Yahweh; and the thunders and hail ceased, and the rain was not poured on the earth.Exodus 9:34When Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunders had ceased, he sinned yet more, and hardened his heart, he and his servants.Exodus 9:35The heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he didn’t let the children of Israel go, just as Yahweh had spoken through Moses.
Deuteronomy7 mentions
Deuteronomy 6:21then you shall tell your son, “We were Pharaoh’s slaves in Egypt. Yahweh brought us out of Egypt with a mighty hand;Deuteronomy 6:22and Yahweh showed great and awesome signs and wonders on Egypt, on Pharaoh, and on all his house, before our eyes;Deuteronomy 7:8but because Yahweh loves you, and because he desires to keep the oath which he swore to your fathers, Yahweh has brought you out with a mighty hand and redeemed you out of the house of…Deuteronomy 7:18you shall not be afraid of them. You shall remember well what Yahweh your God did to Pharaoh and to all Egypt:Deuteronomy 11:3his signs, and his works, which he did in the middle of Egypt to Pharaoh the king of Egypt, and to all his land;Deuteronomy 29:2Moses called to all Israel, and said to them: Your eyes have seen all that Yahweh did in the land of Egypt to Pharaoh, and to all his servants, and to all his land;Deuteronomy 34:11in all the signs and the wonders which Yahweh sent him to do in the land of Egypt, to Pharaoh, and to all his servants, and to all his land,
1 Samuel2 mentions
1 Samuel 2:27A man of God came to Eli and said to him, “Yahweh says, ‘Did I reveal myself to the house of your father when they were in Egypt in bondage to Pharaoh’s house?1 Samuel 6:6Why then do you harden your hearts as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? When he had worked wonderfully among them, didn’t they let the people go, and they departed?
Psalms2 mentions
What the dictionary says
The official title borne by the Egyptian kings down to the time when that country was conquered by the Greeks.
Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)
Read the article →Sources
- STEPBible TIPNR · Translators Individualised Proper Names with all References · CC BY 4.0 · github.com/STEPBible/STEPBible-Data
- Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (1869) · Public domain