The BibleGospel Companion

Pharaoh

פַּרְעֹה · par.oh · H6547IΦαραώ · Pharaō · G5328H“that disperses; that spoils” Hitchcock's 186911 mentions in 3 books, most in Exodus (9)

Who he was

This Pharaoh was the Egyptian ruler during the time of Moses' birth and early life (Exodus 1-2). Fearing the growing Hebrew population, Pharaoh enslaved the Israelites and subjected them to hard labor. He ordered the Hebrew midwives to kill any male infants born to the Israelites, but they disobeyed, claiming that Hebrew women gave birth too quickly. Pharaoh then commanded that all Hebrew male infants be thrown into the Nile River.

During this time, Moses was born and hidden by his mother for three months. When she could no longer hide him, she placed him in a basket among the reeds of the Nile. Pharaoh's daughter discovered the baby and decided to adopt him, unknowingly hiring Moses' mother as his nurse. Moses grew up in Pharaoh's court, but he later fled Egypt after killing an Egyptian who was mistreating a Hebrew (Exodus 2:11–15; Acts 7:21–29; Hebrews 11:24–27).

The Bible does not provide the specific name or historical identity of this Pharaoh, as the term "Pharaoh" was used as a title for Egyptian kings. Some scholars suggest that this Pharaoh may have been from the 18th or 19th Dynasty of the New Kingdom period, possibly Thutmose I, Thutmose II, or Amenhotep I, based on the historical and archaeological evidence of the Israelites' presence in Egypt.

Article: STEPBible, Tyndale House Cambridge · CC BY 4.0

Family

Childrendaughter of Pharaoh
Family relations: STEPBible, Tyndale House Cambridge · CC BY 4.0

Every mention

11 references, counted from STEPBible, Tyndale House Cambridge · CC BY 4.0 · verse text: World English Bible (public domain)
ExodusChapter 1: 3 mentionsChapter 2: 6 mentions9 mentions
Exodus 1:11Therefore they set taskmasters over them to afflict them with their burdens. They built storage cities for Pharaoh: Pithom and Raamses.Exodus 1:19The midwives said to Pharaoh, “Because the Hebrew women aren’t like the Egyptian women; for they are vigorous and give birth before the midwife comes to them.”Exodus 1:22Pharaoh commanded all his people, saying, “You shall cast every son who is born into the river, and every daughter you shall save alive.”Exodus 2:5Pharaoh’s daughter came down to bathe at the river. Her maidens walked along by the riverside. She saw the basket among the reeds, and sent her servant to get it.Exodus 2:7Then his sister said to Pharaoh’s daughter, “Should I go and call a nurse for you from the Hebrew women, that she may nurse the child for you?”Exodus 2:8Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, “Go.” The young woman went and called the child’s mother.Exodus 2:9Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, “Take this child away, and nurse him for me, and I will give you your wages.” The woman took the child, and nursed him.Exodus 2:10The child grew, and she brought him to Pharaoh’s daughter, and he became her son. She named him Moses, and said, “Because I drew him out of the water.”Exodus 2:15Now when Pharaoh heard this thing, he sought to kill Moses. But Moses fled from the face of Pharaoh, and lived in the land of Midian, and he sat down by a well.
ActsChapter 7: 1 mention1 mention
Acts 7:21When he was abandoned, Pharaoh’s daughter took him up and reared him as her own son.
HebrewsChapter 11: 1 mention1 mention
Hebrews 11:24By faith Moses, when he had grown up, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh’s daughter,

What the dictionary says

The official title borne by the Egyptian kings down to the time when that country was conquered by the Greeks.

Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)
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Sources